First, moving Charlie to a 10 gallon tank from a 2 gallon tank will improve Charlie's quality of life.
That said, a 10 gallon tank is simply too small for even one goldfish.
Depending on the type of goldfish you have, (single or double-tailed) I would recommend a 20 gallon tank, minumum, for one double-tailed goldfish, and 30 gallons minumum for one single-tailed goldfish. Please bear in mind that these are minumums. Additionally, you will want excellent filtration (preferably a canister filter). You describe Charlie as a common goldfish, but he actually may be a Comet instead (as these are the type most often given in prizes at carnivals). The way to tell the difference is that if his tail is forked, with pointed ends, he's a Comet - if is tail has more rounded ends, then he's a common. Either way, he is a single-tailed goldfish, and will ultimately need at least 30 gallons, all by himself.
If this seems like overkill, I understand, but it really isn't. The single-tailed varieties can easily grow to a foot long or longer given the right conditions, and the double-tailed varieties easily reach 8 to 10 inches. That many goldfish never get nearly this size is usually due to stunted growth caused by being housed in a tank that is too small for them. If you envision what kind of tank size your fish might need as adults, hopefully you'll see why these suggestions aren't overkill at all.
At 2.5 inches, the ten gallon tank will be adequate for Charlie, *for now* (Charlie will grow!), but I think he will be better off if you hold off on getting him a tankmate until you can afford to upgrate to a much larger tank.
Also, when you do upgrade, be sure to read up on the nitrogen cycle, new tank syndrome, and cycling an aquarium if you haven't already. Invest in a water test kit, and be prepared to do frequent partial water changes as needed during the first several weeks Charlie is in his new home.
If you can't get a larger tank now, the 10 gallon tank is still definately an improvement over the 2.5 gallon tank for Charlie. Just keep in mind that you may wish to upgrade again later as Charlie will outgrow the 10 gallon, perhaps sooner than you think.
And if you're wondering, I got started with goldfish when my daughter tossed a ping pong ball in a cup at a fair. I now have a 50 gallon tank (after having learned a little bit about goldfish along the way).
Best of luck!